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NFPA 704 – Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response is a visual labeling system developed by the National Fire Protection Association to quickly communicate the health, flammability, reactivity, and special hazards of chemicals and materials during emergency situations. Commonly known as the “fire diamond,” this system uses a color-coded, numerical rating symbol that helps first responders make quick, informed decisions during incidents involving hazardous materials.

The diamond is divided into four quadrants:

• Blue (left) indicates health hazard (0–4 scale).
• Red (top) indicates flammability hazard (0–4 scale).
• Yellow (right) indicates reactivity or instability (0–4 scale).
• White (bottom) provides special hazard information, such as oxidizers (OX), water reactivity (W with a line through it), or other specific risks.

Each number reflects the severity of the hazard, with 0 being minimal and 4 being severe or deadly. This standardized system is widely used in industrial, laboratory, and storage settings where hazardous chemicals are present.

NFPA 704 enables fast hazard recognition, especially during fires, spills, or chemical releases, improving safety for firefighters, emergency medical personnel, and other responders by aiding in risk assessment and appropriate action planning.

NFPA 704 is particularly useful when Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheets (SDS) are not immediately accessible. The system provides critical hazard information at a glance, even from a distance. Facilities are required to post the NFPA 704 diamond at locations such as entrances, storage tanks, outdoor containers, and loading docks, where hazardous substances are stored or used.

This labeling system is not intended for consumer use but is tailored for trained emergency responders, allowing them to evaluate hazards without needing to open containers or read detailed chemical descriptions during a crisis. By providing universal hazard recognition, it reduces confusion and helps coordinate faster, safer emergency responses.

The NFPA 704 system works in conjunction with other standards, such as OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) and GHS (Globally Harmonized System), although it serves a more immediate, field-use purpose. It remains an essential tool in emergency preparedness and chemical hazard communication strategies across industries.